Motokari yemafuta yechivanhu inoda machipisi mazana mashanu kusvika mazana matanhatu, uye mota dzinenge chiuru dzakasanganiswa chiedza, mahybrids uye mota dzemagetsi dzakachena dzinoda machipisi angangoita zviuru zviviri.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti mukuita kwekukurumidza kusimudzira mota dzemagetsi dzakangwara, kwete chete kudiwa kwemhando yepamusoro machipisi kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, asiwo kudiwa kwechinyakare machipisi kucharamba kuchiwedzera.Iyi ndiyo MCU.Pamusoro pekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemabhasikoro, iyo domain controller inounzawo kutsva kutsva kwekuchengetedza kwakanyanya, kuvimbika kwepamusoro, uye yakakwirira komputa simba MCU.
MCU, MicroController Unit, inozivikanwa se-single -chip microcomputer/microcontroller/single -chip microcomputer, inobatanidza CPU, ndangariro, uye peripheral mabasa pane imwechete chip kugadzira chip -level komputa ine control function.Inonyanya kushandiswa kuwana chiratidzo chekugadzirisa uye kutonga.Nheyo yehungwaru kutonga system.
MCUs uye zvemagetsi zvemotokari, indasitiri, makomputa uye network, zvemagetsi zvevatengi, midziyo yemumba uye Internet yezvinhu zvine hukama nehupenyu hwedu.Mota Electronics ndiyo musika mukuru mumagetsi emotokari, uye maerekitironi emota anoita 33% pasi rose.
MCU chimiro
MCU inonyanya kuumbwa nepakati processor CPU, ndangariro (ROM uye RAM), yekuisa uye inobuda I / O interface, serial port, counter, nezvimwe.
CPU: Central Processing Unit, yepakati processor, ndiyo yakakosha chikamu mukati meMCU.Izvo zvikamu zvinokwanisa kupedzisa iyo data arithmetic logic mashandiro, bit kusiyanisa kugadzirisa, uye data transmission operation.Zvikamu zvinodzora zvinoronga basa zvinoenderana neimwe nguva sequentially kuongorora uye kuita mirairo.
ROM: Yekuverenga-chete Memory chirongwa chekuyeuka chinoshandiswa kuchengetedza zvirongwa zvakanyorwa nevagadziri.Mashoko acho anoverengwa nenzira isingaparadzi.Essence
RAM: Random Access Memory, iyeuchidzo yedata inotsinhana zvakananga data neCPU, uye iyo data haigone kuchengetedzwa mushure mekunge simba rarasika.Iyo purogiramu inogona kunyorwa uye kuverengerwa chero nguva kana ichimhanya, iyo inowanzo shandiswa seyenguva pfupi data yekuchengetedza svikiro yeanoshanda masisitimu kana zvimwe zvinomhanya zvirongwa.
Hukama pakati peCPU neMCU:
Iyo CPU ndiyo musimboti wekutonga kwekushanda.Pamusoro peCPU, iyo MCU inewo ROM kana RAM, inova chip -level chip.Dzakajairwa iSOC (System On Chip), inodaidzwa kunzi system -level machipisi anogona kuchengeta nekumhanyisa system -level kodhi, mhanyisa QNX, Linux uye mamwe masisitimu anoshanda, anosanganisira akawanda processor units (CPU+GPU +DSP+NPU+ yekuchengetedza. + interface unit).
Nhamba dzeMCU
Iyo nhamba inoreva hupamhi hweMCU yega yega yekugadzirisa data.Iyo yakakwira nhamba yemanhamba, iyo yakasimba iyo MCU data kugadzirisa kugona.Parizvino, inonyanya kukosha ndeye 8, 16, uye 32 manhamba, ayo 32 bits anoverengera zvakanyanya uye anokura nekukurumidza.
Mumagetsi emagetsi ekushandisa, mutengo we8 -bit MCU wakaderera uye nyore kugadzira.Parizvino, inonyanya kushandiswa kudzora zviri nyore, semwenje, mvura inonaya, mahwindo, zvigaro, uye magonhi.Nekudaro, kune zvimwe zvakaomesesa zvinhu, senge chiridzwa kuratidza, mota yevaraidzo masisitimu, magetsi ekudzora masisitimu, chassis, kutyaira masystem, nezvimwe, kunyanya 32 -bit, uye iteration shanduko yemagetsi emotokari, hungwaru, uye network, Iyo komputa simba. zvinodiwa zveMCU zviri kuramba zvichikwira nekukwira.
MCU motokari yechokwadi
Mutengesi weMCU asati apinda muOEM supply chain system, zvinowanzofanira kupedzisa zvitupa zvitatu zvakakura: danho rekugadzira rinofanira kutevedzera chiyero chekuchengetedza ISO 26262, kuyerera uye kurongedza nhanho inofanirwa kutevera AEC-Q001 ~ 004 uye IATF16949, se. uye panguva yekuyedza certification nhanho Tevera AEC-Q100/Q104.
Pakati pavo, ISO 26262 inotsanangura matanho mana ekuchengetedzwa kweASIL, kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro, A, B, C, uye D;AEC-Q100 yakakamurwa kuita mana akavimbika mazinga, kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro, 3, 2, 1, uye 0, zvichiteerana, 3, 2, 1, uye 0 Essence Iyo AEC-Q100 yakatevedzana certification kazhinji inotora makore 1-2, nepo ISO 26262 certification yakanyanya kuoma uye kutenderera kwakareba.
Iko kushandiswa kweMCU mune yakangwara yemagetsi mota indasitiri
Iko kushandiswa kweMCU muindasitiri yemotokari kwakakura kwazvo.Semuyenzaniso, tafura yekumberi ndeyekushandisa kubva kumidziyo yemuviri, masisitimu emagetsi, chassis, varaidzo yeruzivo rwemotokari, uye kutyaira zvine hungwaru.Nekuuya kwenguva yemotokari dzemagetsi dzakangwara, kudiwa kwevanhu kwezvigadzirwa zveMCU kuchawedzera kusimba.
Kuita magetsi:
1. Battery management system BMS: BMS inoda kudzora kuchaja uye kuburitsa, tembiricha, uye kuenzanisa kwebhatiri.Iyo huru control board inoda MCU, uye yega yega muranda console inodawo imwe MCU;
2.Vehicle controller VCU: Kutungamirirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi kunoda kuwedzera mutongi wemotokari, uye panguva imwechete yakagadzirirwa ne 32 -bit high-end MCUs, iyo yakasiyana nezvirongwa zvefekitari imwe neimwe;
3.Injini controller/giya bhokisi controller: stock replacement, yemagetsi mota inverter control MCU imwe oiri mota injini controller.Nekuda kwekumhanya kwemota kwakakwira, iyo inoderedza inoda kudzikiswa.Iyo gearbox controller.
Intelligence:
1. Parizvino, misika yemotokari yemumba ichiri muL2 yakakwirira-yekupinza nhanho.Kubva pamutengo wakakwana uye kufunga kwekuita, iyo OEM inowedzera iyo ADAS basa richiri kutora yakagoverwa dhizaini.Nekuwedzera kweyero yekurodha, iyo MCU ye sensor data processing inowedzerawo saizvozvo.
2. Pamusana pekuwedzera kwenhamba yemabasa e-cockpit, basa repamusoro-soro machipisi emagetsi ari kuwedzera uye anokosha, uye chimiro cheMCU chinoenderana chakaderera.
Craft
Iyo MCU pachayo ine zvinodiwa zvekutanga zvesimba remakomputa uye haina zvakakwirira zvinodiwa kune epamberi maitiro.Panguva imwecheteyo, yakavakirwa-mukati yakadzikwa chengetedzo pachayo zvakare inodzikamisa kuvandudzwa kweMCU maitiro.Shandisa iyo 28nm maitiro ane MCU zvigadzirwa.Izvo zvinotsanangurwa zvemitemo yemotokari zvakanyanya 8-inch wafers.Vamwe vanogadzira, kunyanya IDM, vatanga kuisirwa pane 12-inch platform.
Ikozvino 28nm uye 40nm maitiro ndiwo makuru emusika.
Mabhizinesi akajairika kumba nekune dzimwe nyika
Kuenzaniswa nekushandisa uye maindasitiri -giredhi MCUs, iyo mota-level MCU ine yepamusoro zvinodiwa maererano nemamiriro ekushanda, kuvimbika uye kutenderera kwekupa.Mukuwedzera Izvo zvakaoma kupinda, saka chimiro chemusika cheMCU chakanyanya kutariswa.Muna 2021, makambani mashanu epamusoro eMCU munyika akaverengera makumi masere nemaviri%.
Parizvino, mota yenyika yangu -level MCU ichiri munguva yekusuma, uye cheni yekugovera ine mukana wakakura wekugadzirisa ivhu uye mudzimba.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-08-2023