Capacitor ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa dhizaini mudhizaini dhizaini, ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinongoitika, chishandiso chinoshanda chinongova kudiwa kwesimba (magetsi) sosi yemudziyo unonzi inoshanda mudziyo, isina simba (yemagetsi) tsime remudziyo. .
Basa uye kushandiswa kwema capacitor anowanzo marudzi mazhinji, akadai se: basa rebypass, decoupling, kusefa, kuchengetedza simba; Mukupedzisa oscillation, kuwiriranisa uye basa renguva nguva dzose.
Dc kuparadzaniswa: Basa nderekudzivirira iyo DC kuburikidza uye kurega iyo AC ichipinda.
Bypass (decoupling): Inopa yakaderera-impedance nzira yezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana muchikamu che AC.
Bypass capacitor: A bypass capacitor, inozivikanwawo se decoupling capacitor, isimba rekuchengetedza simba rinopa simba kune mudziyo. Inoshandisa frequency impedance maitiro eiyo capacitor, iyo frequency maitiro eiyo yakanakira capacitor sezvo frequency inowedzera, iyo impedance inodzikira, senge dziva, inogona kuita yakabuda voltage kubuda yunifomu, kuderedza mutoro voltage fluctuation. Iyo bypass capacitor inofanirwa kunge iri padyo sezvinobvira kune simba rekupa pini uye yepasi pini yemutoro mudziyo, inova iyo impedance inodikanwa.
Paunenge uchidhirowa PCB, nyatso tarisa kune chokwadi chekuti kana iri padyo nechikamu ndipo inogona kudzvanya pasi inogona kukwirisa uye ruzha runokonzerwa nemhepo yakawandisa kana kumwe kutapurirana kwechiratidzo. Kuzvitaura pachena, chikamu cheAC chemagetsi eDC chinosanganiswa nemagetsi kuburikidza necapacitor, iyo inotamba basa rekuchenesa DC magetsi. C1 ndiyo bypass capacitor mumufananidzo unotevera, uye kudhirowa kunofanirwa kunge kuri padyo sezvinobvira kuIC1.
Decoupling capacitor: Iyo decoupling capacitor ndiko kupindira kwechiratidzo chekubuda sechinhu chesefa, iyo decoupling capacitor yakaenzana nebhatiri, kushandiswa kwechaji yayo uye kubuda, kuitira kuti chiratidzo chekusimudzira chirege kukanganiswa nekushandurwa kwezvino. . Kugona kwaro kunoenderana nehuwandu hwechiratidzo uye chiyero chekudzvinyirirwa kwema ripples, uye iyo decoupling capacitor ndeye kutamba "bhatiri" basa rekusangana neshanduko mudhiraivha yedunhu ikozvino uye kudzivirira kubatanidza kupindirana pakati peumwe neumwe.
Iyo bypass capacitor yakanyatso kubatanidzwa, asi iyo bypass capacitor kazhinji inoreva kune yakakwira-frequency bypass, kureva, kuvandudza yakakwira-frequency switching ruzha rweyakaderera-impedance yekuburitsa nzira. Iyo yakakwira-frequency bypass capacitance kazhinji idiki, uye iyo resonant frequency inowanzo 0.1F, 0.01F, etc. Kugona kwe decoupling capacitor kunowanzo hombe, iyo inogona kunge iri 10F kana yakakura, zvichienderana nemaparamita akagoverwa mudunhu uye. kuchinja kwedhiraivha ikozvino.
Musiyano uripo pakati pavo: iyo bypass ndeyekusefa kupindira mune yekupinza chiratidzo sechinhu, uye iyo decoupling ndeyekusefa kupindira muchiratidzo chekubuda sechinhu chekudzivirira chiratidzo chekuvhiringidza kudzoka kune magetsi.
Kubatana: Kunoita sekubatana pakati pemaseketi maviri, achibvumira masaini eAC kupfuura uye kuendeswa kune inotevera nhanho redunhu.
Iyo capacitor inoshandiswa sechikamu chekubatanidza kuitira kuendesa chiratidzo chekare kune yekupedzisira nhanho, uye kudzivirira kukanganiswa kweiyo yekare yakananga ikozvino pane yekupedzisira nhanho, kuitira kuti debugging yedunhu iri nyore uye kushanda kwakadzikama. Kana iyo AC signal amplification ikasachinja pasina capacitor, asi nzvimbo yekushanda pamatanho ese inoda kuvandudzwa, nekuda kwesimba rekumberi nekumashure nhanho, kugadzirisa nzvimbo yekushanda kwakaoma kwazvo, uye hazvigoneke kuita mazinga akawanda.
Sefa: Izvi zvakakosha kudunhu, iyo capacitor kuseri kweCPU ibasa iri.
Ndiko kuti, iyo yakakura frequency f, iyo idiki iyo impedance Z ye capacitor. Kana iyo yakaderera frequency, capacitance C nekuti iyo impedance Z yakakura, masaini anobatsira anogona kupfuura zvakanaka; Pakumhanya kwepamusoro, capacitor C yatove idiki zvakanyanya nekuda kwe impedance Z, iyo yakaenzana nepfupi-inotenderera yakakwira-frequency ruzha kuGND.
Sefa chiito: yakanakira capacitance, yakakura iyo capacitance, idiki iyo impedance, iyo yakakwira frequency yekupfuura. Electrolytic capacitors inowanzo pfuura 1uF, iyo ine yakakura inductance chikamu, saka iyo impedance ichave yakakura mushure meiyo frequency yakakwira. Isu tinowanzoona kuti dzimwe nguva kune hombe capacitance electrolytic capacitor mukuwirirana nediki capacitor, chokwadi, hombe capacitor kuburikidza yakaderera frequency, diki capacitance kuburikidza yakakwirira frequency, kuitira kuti zvizere kusefa kunze yakakwirira uye yakaderera frequencies. Iyo yakakwira frequency ye capacitor, iyo yakanyanya kuderedzwa, iyo capacitor yakafanana nedziva, madonhwe mashoma emvura haana kukwana kuti akonzere shanduko huru mukati maro, ndiko kuti, kushanduka kwemagetsi haisi nguva huru apo. voltage inogona kuvharwa.
Mufananidzo C2 Temperature compensation: Kuvandudza kugadzikana kwedunhu nekubhadhara mhedzisiro yekusakwana kwekushisa kuchinjika kwezvimwe zvikamu.
Kuongorora: Nekuda kwekugona kweiyo nguva capacitor inotaridza iyo oscillation frequency yeline oscillator, kugona kweiyo timing capacitor inofanirwa kuve yakagadzikana uye haishanduke nekuchinja kwehunyoro hwezvakatipoteredza, kuitira kuti iite oscillation frequency ye line oscillator yakagadzikana. Naizvozvo, ma capacitors ane yakanaka uye yakaipa tembiricha coefficients anoshandiswa mukuwirirana kuita tembiricha yekuzadzisa. Kana kupisa kwekushanda kuchikwira, simba reC1 riri kuwedzera, asi simba reC2 riri kuderera. Huwandu hwese hwema capacitor maviri mukuenderana ndiyo huwandu hwehuwandu hwema capacitor maviri. Sezvo humwe huwandu huri kuwedzera asi humwe huchidzikira, huwandu hwese hahuna kuchinjika. Saizvozvowo, kana kutonhora kuchideredzwa, kukwanisa kweimwe capacitor kunoderedzwa uye imwe inowedzera, uye huwandu hwese hunenge husina kuchinjwa, iyo inogadzirisa oscillation frequency uye inozadzisa chinangwa chekubhadhara kwekushisa.
Nguva: Iyo capacitor inoshandiswa pamwe chete neanopikisa kuti aone nguva yenguva yedunhu.
Kana chiratidzo chekupinza chichisvetuka kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro, RC dunhu rinoiswa mushure mekuvhara 1. Chimiro che capacitor kuchaja chinoita kuti chiratidzo panzvimbo B isasvetuka nekukurumidza nechiratidzo chekuisa, asi ine maitiro ekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Kana yakakura zvakakwana, iyo buffer 2 inobhururuka, zvichikonzera kunonoka kusvetuka kubva pasi kuenda kumusoro pane zvakabuda.
Nguva yenguva: Kutora yakajairwa RC yakatevedzana yakabatanidzwa dunhu semuenzaniso, kana iyo yekuisa chiratidzo voltage inoiswa kumagumo ekuisa, iyo voltage pane capacitor inosimuka zvishoma nezvishoma. Ikozvino yekuchaja inodzikira nekukwira kwevoltage, iyo resistor R uye capacitor C yakabatana munhevedzano kune yekuisa chiratidzo VI, uye inobuda chiratidzo V0 kubva kune capacitor C, apo iyo RC (τ) kukosha uye yekuisa square wave. hupamhi tW kusangana: τ "tW", dunhu iri rinonzi integrated circuit.
Tuning: Kurongeka kwakarongeka kwemaseketi anoenderana nefrequency, senge nharembozha, maredhiyo, uye terevhizheni.
Nekuti iyo resonant frequency yeIC tuned oscillating circuit ibasa reIC, tinoona kuti chiyero chepamusoro kusvika kudiki resonant frequency yedunhu rinotenderera rinosiyana neskweya midzi yecapacitance ratio. The capacitance reshiyo pano inoreva reshiyo yekugona kana reverse bias voltage iri yakaderera kune capacitance kana reverse bias voltage iri pamusoro. Naizvozvo, iyo tuning hunhu curve yedunhu (bias-resonant frequency) inonyanya parabola.
Rectifier: Kubatidza kana kudzima semi-yakavharwa conductor switch element panguva yakatarwa.
Kuchengetedza magetsi: Kuchengeta simba remagetsi kuti risunungurwe kana zvichidiwa. Zvakadai sekamera flash, midziyo yekudziya, nezvimwe.
Kazhinji, electrolytic capacitors ichave nebasa rekuchengetedza simba, kune yakakosha simba rekuchengetedza capacitor, mashandiro emagetsi ekuchengetedza simba akapetwa kaviri emagetsi layer capacitors uye Faraday capacitors. Chimiro chayo chikuru ndeye supercapacitor simba rekuchengetedza, umo ma supercapacitors ari capacitors achishandisa musimboti wemagetsi maviri akaturikidzana.
Kana magetsi akashandiswa akaiswa pamahwendefa maviri e-supercapacitor, iyo electrode yakanaka yeplate inochengetedza chaji yakanaka, uye ndiro isina kunaka inochengeta iyo yakaipa charge, seyakajairwa capacitors. Pasi penzvimbo yemagetsi inogadzirwa nechaji pamahwendefa maviri e-supercapacitor, iyo yakatarisana nechaji inoumbwa pane chinongedzo pakati pe electrolyte uye electrode kuenzanisa mukati memagetsi munda we electrolyte.
Iyi chaji yakanaka uye yakashata inorongedzerwa munzvimbo dzakapesana pane yekuonana pamusoro pezvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana zvine mukaha mupfupi pakati pechaji yakanaka uye isina kunaka, uye iyi nhanho yekugovera yekuchaja inonzi yakapetwa kaviri yemagetsi, saka simba remagetsi rakakura kwazvo.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-15-2023
